[qdeck dataset=”Chemistry FC”]
[i] Chemistry Flashcards [start]
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12291a16cf1e14″ question_number=”1″] is the study of substances that contain the element carbon; all living things are made of compounds that contain carbon.
[a] Organic chemistry
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1229007a4c5214″ question_number=”2″] is the study of substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen.
[a] Inorganic chemistry
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1228e235b1be14″ question_number=”3″] All matter exists in one of three different physical forms:
[a] solid, liquid, or gas
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1228c8992ef214″ question_number=”4″] Properties of Matter: The two types of properties are
[a] physical and chemical.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1228aa54945e14″ question_number=”5″] is the simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom.
[a] An element
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12286dcb5f3614″ question_number=”6″] the basic building blocks of all matter and are the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical identity of the chemical
[a] Atoms
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12284f86c4a214″ question_number=”7″] is formed when two or more atoms combine chemically in definite (fixed) proportions.
[a] A molecule
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1228339635f214″ question_number=”8″] consist of two or more atoms of the same element in fixed proportions
[a] Elemental molecules
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122815519b5e14″ question_number=”9″] are chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements
[a] Compound molecules
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1227f70d00ca14″ question_number=”10″] are characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance.
[a] Physical properties
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1227db1c721a14″ question_number=”11″] are characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction that causes a change in the identity of the substance.
[a] Chemical properties
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1227bf2be36a14″ question_number=”12″] When certain chemical reactions release energy in the form of heat, it is called an
[a] exothermic reaction
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1227a0e748d614″ question_number=”13″] is a chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur.
[a] An endothermic reaction
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122782a2ae4214″ question_number=”14″] are compounds of any element combined with oxygen.
[a] Oxides
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122766b21f9214″ question_number=”15″] are compounds of hydrogen, a nonmetal such as nitrogen, and, sometimes, oxygen.
[a] Acids
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1227486d84fe14″ question_number=”16″] also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
[a] Bases
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12272ed1023214″ question_number=”17″] are compounds that are formed by the reaction of acids and bases, with water also being produced by the reaction.
[a] Salts
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122712e0738214″ question_number=”18″] is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
[a] A solution
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1226f943f0b614″ question_number=”19″] are unstable uniform mixtures of two or more substances.
[a] Suspensions
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1226dd53620614″ question_number=”20″] is a physical mixture of two immiscible liquids held together by an emulsifying agent.
[a] An emulsion
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1226c162d35614″ question_number=”21″] is a substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension.
[a] A surfactant (or base detergent)
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12266b3d1b6214″ question_number=”22″] All acids owe their chemical reactivity to the __________ ion (H 1 ).
[a] hydrogen
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12264cf880ce14″ question_number=”23″] All alkalis owe their chemical reactivity to the __________ (OH 2 ) ion.
[a] hydroxide
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1226335bfe0214″ question_number=”24″] When acids and alkalis are mixed together in equal proportions, they ____________ each other to form water and a salt.
[a] neutralize
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1225f926d4be14″ question_number=”25″] The acidity or alkalinity of a shampoo is important because it influences how the product will affect various layers of the _____ and skin.
[a] hair
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1225df8a51f214″ question_number=”26″] pH-Balanced Shampoos
[a] pH-balanced shampoos, also known as acid-balanced shampoos, are balanced to the pH level of hair and skin and usually contain citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1225c399c34214″ question_number=”27″] Balancing Shampoos
[a] These shampoos wash away excess oiliness while keeping the hair from drying out.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1225a9fd407614″ question_number=”28″] Clarifying Shampoos
[a] Clarifying shampoos contain an active chelating agent that binds to metals (such as iron and copper) and removes them from the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12258e0cb1c614″ question_number=”29″] Color-Enhancing Shampoos
[a] They are attracted to porous hair and provide only slight color changes, which are removed with plain shampooing.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1225721c231614″ question_number=”30″] Conditioning Shampoos
[a] Conditioning shampoos, also known as moisturizing shampoo, are mild cream shampoos that contain moisturizing agents (humectants) designed either to “lock in” the moisturizing properties of the product or to draw moisture into the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12253a3b05b614″ question_number=”31″] Medicated Shampoos
[a] Medicated shampoos contain antifungal agents such as pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide, or ketoconazole, which help control dandruff by suppressing the growth of malassezia, the fungus that causes dandruff.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1225209e82ea14″ question_number=”32″] Neutralizing Shampoos
[a] A neutralizing shampoo helps to rebalance and restore the pH level of the hair by neutralizing any alkali or unwanted residues that remain in the hair after chemically relaxing the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122504adf43a14″ question_number=”33″] Sulfate-Free Shampoos
[a] A sulfate-free shampoo is formulated with little to no sulfates and is generally a good choice for colortreated and chemically treated hair because it does not strip natural oils from the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1224ed657d5214″ question_number=”34″] Shampoos for Hair Replacements and Wigs
[a] Wig and hair-replacement shampoos are specially prepared products for cleaning hair systems.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1224d174eea214″ question_number=”35″] Conditioners
[a] are special chemical agents that are applied to hair to deposit protein or moisture to help restore the hair’s strength and body or to protect against possible damage.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1224b7d86bd614″ question_number=”36″] Instant Conditioners
[a] Instant conditioners, also known as rinse-out conditioners, are applied to freshly shampooed hair and rinsed out after being worked through the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12249993d14214″ question_number=”37″] Treatment or Repair Conditioners
[a] Treatment or repair conditioners are deep, penetrating formulations that help restore moisture and protein in the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1224824b5a5a14″ question_number=”38″] Leave-In Conditioners
[a] Leave-in conditioners, such as thermal protectors or blow drying sprays, are applied to hair and not rinsed out.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1224665acbaa14″ question_number=”39″] Medicated Conditioners
[a] Medicated conditioners, or rinses, are formulated to help control minor dandruff and scalp conditions.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12244cbe48de14″ question_number=”40″] Conditioner Ingredients
[a] Most conditioners contain a large amount of fatty materials and a small amount of surfactant.
• Fatty materials: fatty alcohols, humectants, moisturizers, silicones
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122430cdba2e14″ question_number=”41″] Scalp Conditioners
[a] Scalp conditioners are available in a variety of formulations and for different purposes; however, none will make the hair “grow.”
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12241731376214″ question_number=”42″] Hair Tonics
[a] Hair tonics are liquid or cream preparations, used, depending on the formula, to stimulate the surface circulation of the scalp; remove loose dandruff; or impart manageability, shine, and control to the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1223fb40a8b214″ question_number=”43″] Organic chemistry
[a] is the study of substances that contain carbon. All living things are made of compounds that contain carbon
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1223e1a425e614″ question_number=”44″] Inorganic chemistry
[a] is the study of substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen. Inorganic substances are not and never were alive.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1223c807a31a14″ question_number=”45″] Solids, liquids, and gases.
[a] The three states of matter.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1223ac17146a14″ question_number=”46″] An element is
[a] the simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1223927a919e14″ question_number=”47″] Atoms are
[a] the basic building blocks of all matter and are the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical identity of the chemical.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122378de0ed214″ question_number=”48″] Explain the two ways in which matter can be changed.
[a] Matter can be changed through physical forces to cause physical changes and through chemical reactions to cause chemical changes.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1223539d509214″ question_number=”49″] Explain oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions.
[a] Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously. In a redox reaction, the oxidizing agent is always reduced and the reducing agent is always oxidized and oxidation cannot occur without reduction.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12233c54d9aa14″ question_number=”50″] Name the four classifications of chemical compounds.
[a] Oxides, acids, bases, and salts.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122320644afa14″ question_number=”51″] A solution is
[a] a mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance. Solutions are usually clear or transparent permanent mixtures of solute and solvent that do not separate upon standing.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1223091bd41214″ question_number=”52″] Suspensions are
[a] uniform mixtures of two or more substances. Suspensions are not usually transparent, may be colored, and tend to separate over time.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1222ed2b456214″ question_number=”53″] Emulsions are
[a] mixtures of two immiscible liquids held together by an emulsifying agent. An emulsion is a suspension of one liquid dispersed in another. Emulsions tend to separate over time, but may remain stable for at least three years with proper formulation and storage.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1222d38ec29614″ question_number=”54″] Define pH
[a] The letters pH refer to the potential hydrogen of a solution, and the term pH means the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1222b9f23fca14″ question_number=”55″] Oxidation is
[a] a chemical reaction that combines an element or compound with oxygen to produce an oxide. An example is when hydrogen peroxide is mixed with an oxidation haircolor and the haircolor gains oxygen.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1222a055bcfe14″ question_number=”56″] Reduction is
[a] the process that occurs when oxygen is subtracted from a substance through chemical reaction. An example is when hydrogen peroxide loses the oxygen that is mixed with an oxidation haircolor. The hydrogen peroxide is reduced.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122284652e4e14″ question_number=”57″] Why is it important to know the acidity or alkalinity of a shampoo product?
[a] Because the acidity or alkalinity of a shampoo influences how the product will affect various layers of the hair and skin.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12226ac8ab8214″ question_number=”58″] What effect do acidic solutions have on hair?
[a] They contract or harden the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1222512c28b614″ question_number=”59″] What effect do alkaline solutions have on hair?
[a] They soften and swell the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1221ffae888a14″ question_number=”60″] Identify the parts and functions of the shampoo molecule.
[a] The tail of a shampoo molecule attracts dirt, grease, debris, and oil, but repels water; the head of the shampoo molecule attracts water, but repels dirt, so the molecules work together to cleanse the hair.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1221e3bdf9da14″ question_number=”61″] List three types of shampoo formulations.
[a] Liquid, liquid-dry, and dry or powder formulations.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1221cc7582f214″ question_number=”62″] List four types of conditioners.
[a] Instant or rinse out, treatment or repair, leave-in, and medicated.
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1221b52d0c0a14″ question_number=”63″] Organic substances contain
[a] carbon
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12216f53a75214″ question_number=”64″] __________ is an example of an inorganic substance.
[a] Metal
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1221536318a214″ question_number=”65″] A(n) _____________ is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
[a] element
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122139c695d614″ question_number=”66″] The change that occurs in burning wood through oxidation is a(n) __________ change.
[a] chemical
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1221202a130a14″ question_number=”67″] An example of a chemical change, such as iron to rust, is
[a] permanent haircolor
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122108e19c2214″ question_number=”68″] ___________ is an example of a chemical compound.
[a] Water
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1220ecf10d7214″ question_number=”69″] The four classifications of compounds are acids, bases, salts, and
[a] oxides
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1220d3548aa614″ question_number=”70″] ___________ is considered to be a universal solvent.
[a] Water
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1220991f616214″ question_number=”71″] Soaps lather easily in the presence of
[a] soft water
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12207632af0614″ question_number=”72″] The pH of a water-based solution measures its degree of
[a] acidity or alkalinity
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|122037556dfa14″ question_number=”73″] The pH range of hair and skin is
[a] 4.5 to 5.5
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|12201db8eb2e14″ question_number=”74″] A chemical reaction that combines an element or compound with oxygen to produce an oxide is known as
[a] oxidation
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|1220041c686214″ question_number=”75″] A substance that is dissolved in a solvent is called a
[a] solute
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121fecd3f17a14″ question_number=”76″] ____________ is an example of an emulsion.
[a] Shampoo
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121fd3376eae14″ question_number=”77″] The basic purpose of a cold cream is to
[a] cleanse the skin
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121fbbeef7c614″ question_number=”78″] The primary ingredient in styptic powder or liquid is
[a] alum
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121f9daa5d3214″ question_number=”79″] The condition of the hair and scalp is most influenced by a shampoo product’s
[a] acidity or alkalinity
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121f840dda6614″ question_number=”80″] Solutions that soften, swell, or expand the cuticle scales usually have a(n).____________ pH level.
[a] alkaline
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121f49d8b12214″ question_number=”81″] A(n) __________ shampoo is formulated to prevent the stripping of permanent haircolor from hair.
[a] pH-balanced
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121f303c2e5614″ question_number=”82″] Finishing, detangling, and cream rinses are examples of ___________ conditioners.
[a] instant
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121f169fab8a14″ question_number=”83″] Conditioners that penetrate the cortex to replace lost keratin are __________ conditioners.
[a] protein
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121efaaf1cda14″ question_number=”84″] ____________ conditioners are formulated to control minor dandruff and scalp conditions.
[a] Medicated
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121eadd9947614″ question_number=”85″] ___________ is a grooming aid that can stimulate the scalp, correct a scalp condition, or be used as a grooming aid.
[a] Hair tonic
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121e8898d63614″ question_number=”86″] ____________ may have an alcohol content of up to 35 percent.
[a] Astringents
[q json=”true” dataset_id=”Chemistry FC|121e088a483a14″ question_number=”87″] The usual pH range of hair conditioners is
[a] 3.0 to 5.5
[/qdeck]