Regularly scheduled facials can produce noticeable improvement in the client’s skin tone, texture, and appearance, and this outcome can lead to repeat _______ and referrals.
clients
The muscles, nerves, and arteries of the head, face, and neck are three of the subdermal systems associated with the performance of ______ treatments.
facial
The effect of a facial service on a muscle can be calming or _______, depending on the modality used.
stimulating
When performing a facial massage, you will be concerned with the ________ muscles of the head, face, and neck
voluntary
Nerve __________ may be accomplished by chemicals, massage, electrical current, light rays, and heat.
stimulation
When performing facials and scalp treatments, the cranial nerves of most interest are the fifth, seventh, and _________ cranial nerves.
eleventh
The primary arteries affected by facial massage are the common carotids, external maxillary, superficial temporal, _________, and posterior auricular.
occipital
Each massage movement is performed to obtain a specific result and the benefits to be gained will depend on the type of massage _________ used, amount of pressure, direction of the movement, and duration of the manipulation.
movement
The part being massaged reacts with an increase in its functional activities, such as more active circulation, secretion, nutrition, or __________.
excretion
Motor Points
A motor point is a point on the skin where nerves that control the underlying muscle are located.
Trigger Points
A trigger point is a tender area in a muscle caused by a localized knot or spasm in the muscle fiber that can radiate pain to other locations in the body.
Effleurage
Effleurage is a stroking movement. It is frequently used on the forehead, face, and scalp for its soothing and relaxing effects and to apply lotions or creams.
Pétrissage
Pétrissage is a kneading movement that is performed with light, firm pressure.
Friction
Friction is a deep rubbing movement in which pressure is applied on the skin with the fingers or palms while moving over an underlying structure.
Percussion/Tapotement
Percussion or tapotement consists of short, quick tapping, slapping, or hacking movements.
Vibration
Vibration is a rapid shaking movement over the skin section with the fingertips or an electric massager or vibrator.
Electric Massagers
The electric massager most often used in barbershops is a handheld unit that transmits vibrations through the barber’s hand and fingertips to the client’s skin and muscles. This type of massager is typically used over heavy muscle tissue such as the scalp and shoulders to produce a succession of stimulating impulses.
Brush Machine
A brush machine is an electrical appliance with interchangeable brushes that attach to the rotating head of the unit. Brushing is a form of mechanical exfoliation that helps to stimulate, cleanse, and remove dead cells from the skin surface.
Facial Steamer
A facial steamer is an electrical appliance that produces and projects moist, uniform steam that can be positioned over sections of the head or face for softening and cleansing purpose.
Facial treatments performed with facial machines that produce electrical currents are a form of _________.
electrotherapy
Electrodes
Each modality requires an electrode to apply and direct current to the client’s skin.
High-Frequency Machine
High-frequency current (also known as tesla current) is characterized by a high rate of oscillation that is used for both scalp and facial treatments.
Direct Surface Application
Direct surface application is performed with the mushroom or rake-shaped electrode for its calming and germicidal effect on the skin.
Indirect Application
Indirect application is performed with the client holding the wire glass electrode between both hands.
Galvanic Machine
The galvanic machine converts the alternating current received from an outlet into a direct current.
Galvanic current accomplishes two basic tasks: desincrustation and _______________.
iontophoresis
Desincrustation
Desincrustation is used to facilitate deep pore cleansing.
Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis is the process of using galvanic current to enable ion-containing water-soluble solutions to penetrate the skin. The process of ionic penetration takes place in two forms: cataphoresis and anaphoresis.
Cataphoresis
Cataphoresis is the use of the positive pole (anode) to introduce an acid-pH product, such as an astringent solution, into the skin.
Anaphoresis
Anaphoresis is the use of the negative pole (cathode) to force an alkaline-pH product, such as a desincrustation lotion, into the skin.
Microcurrent
Microcurrent is a type of galvanic treatment that uses a very low level of electrical current for many applications in skin care.
Microdermabrasion
Microdermabrasion is a form of mechanical exfoliation that involves spraying aluminum oxide or other microcrystals across the skin’s surface to exfoliate dead cells.
Light Therapy
Light therapy is the process of using light exposure to treat certain conditions of the skin and scalp.
Ultraviolet-Ray Lamps
Ultraviolet rays are at the shorter-wavelength end of the visible spectrum and create different effects depending on the type of ultraviolet bulb used. Ultraviolet lamps may be used to treat acne, tinea, seborrhea, or dandruff conditions.
Infrared-Ray Lamps
nfrared rays generally produce a soothing and beneficial type of heat that extends for some distance into the tissues of the body.
Contraindications for Electrotherapy
A contraindication is any product, procedure, or treatment that should be avoided because it may cause undesirable side effects or be harmful to the individual.
As with other forms of massage, facial treatments help to increase circulation and metabolism, relax the nerves, activate skin glands, maintain muscle tone, and improve skin texture and ___________.
complexion
Facials performed in the barbershop are considered to be either preservative or __________ treatments.
corrective
Preservative Treatments
Preservative treatments help maintain the health of facial skin through correct cleansing, toning, and massage.
Corrective Treatments
Corrective treatments correct skin conditions such as dryness, oiliness, blackheads, aging lines, and minor acne
he four basic skin types that the barber will need to be able to recognize before the appropriate products can be chosen for a facial treatment include dry, normal, oily, and __________ skin.
combination
Dry Skin
Dry skin, also known as alipidic skin, does not produce enough sebum to prevent the evaporation of cell moisture
Normal Skin
Normal skin has a good water-oil balance.
Oily Skin
Oily skin is characterized by excess sebum production and may appear shiny or greasy.
Combination Skin
Combination skin can be both oily and dry in different areas of the face.
Wrinkles
Wrinkles are depressions in the skin hat have developed from repetitious muscle action moving in the same direction.
Skin Analysis
When analyzing the skin, it is important to note the client’s skin type and condition and the skin’s visible appearance and texture. It is preferable to analyze the skin with a magnifying lamp or light.
Skin Care Products
Skin care products are usually designed for specific skin types or conditions and can be categorized as cleansers, skin tonics, moisturizers, exfoliants, masks, and massage creams. When choosing men’s skin care products for use in the barbershop, it is important to think about the specific characteristics of a product that might appeal to men.
Cleansers
Cleansing products should be mild and easy to rinse from the skin.
Skin Tonics
Skin tonics, which include fresheners, toners, and astringents help to rebalance the pH of the skin and remove product residue after cleansing.
Moisturizers
Moisturizers contain moisture-attracting humectants and emollients that prevent moisture from evaporating from the skin.
Exfoliants
Mechanical exfoliants are products that help to physically remove dead cells from the skin surface and to clear clogged pores. Chemical exfoliants loosen or dissolve dead-cell buildup on the skin surface.
Masks
Masks help to draw impurities out of pores; depending on the ingredients, they can tighten, tone, hydrate, soothe, and nourish the skin.
Massage Creams
Massage creams are creams, lotions, or oils that provide slip during a massage while also softening and moisturizing the skin.
Barbers should be able to provide different facial treatments and products for __________ skin conditions.
different
Basic Facial
The basic facial, sometimes known as the scientific rest facial, is the foundation for all other facial treatments. A basic facial includes cleansing, exfoliating, massage manipulations, toning, a mask or pack, and moisturizing.
Vibratory Facial
A vibratory facial is often performed using a combination of hand massage and an electric massager.
Facial for Dry Skin
Dry skin facials can be supplemented with infrared rays, galvanic current, or high-frequency current to help stimulate sebum production.
Facial for Oily Skin
If the client is under medical care, the barber may be able to perform facial treatments prescribed by a client’s physician as indicated on the prescription depending on state rules and regulations.
the three subdermal systems associated with the performance of facial treatments include the
muscles, nerves, and arteries of the head, face, and neck.
The physiological effects of a massage include more active
circulation, secretion, nutrition, or excretion.
Muscles have motor points and
trigger points
The types of massage manipulations are
effleurage, pétrissage, friction, percussion/tapotement, and vibration.
Appliances such as electric massagers, brush machines, and facial steamers as well as electrotherapy and light therapy equipment can be used to ___________ a facial treatment service.
enhance
The four basic skin types include
dry, normal, oily, and combination skin.
Skin care products can be categorized as
cleansers, skin tonics, moisturizers, exfoliants, masks, and massage creams.
Facial treatment types include
basic, vibratory, dry skin, and oily skin facials.
Identify three characteristics of the skin that may benefit from regularly scheduled facial services.
Skin tone, texture, and appearance
List the ways muscles can be stimulated or calmed.
Massage, electric currents, light rays, heat, moist heat, nerve impulses, and chemicals.
Explain what stimulation of the nerves achieves.
Stimulation of nerves causes muscles to expand and contract.
List the ways in which nerves may be stimulated.
Chemicals massage, electrical current, light rays, heat, and moist heat.
Identify three cranial nerves that are important in massaging the head, face, and neck.
The fifth, seventh, and eleventh cranial nerves.
Identify the main arteries that supply blood to the entire head, face, and neck.
The common carotid arteries.
Identify the principal veins by which blood from the head, face, and neck is returned to the heart.
The internal jugular and the external jugular veins.
Dry skin
does not produce enough oil, needs stimulation of oil production for protection of the skin surface, and hydrates with water intake, moisturizers, and humectants.
Normal skin
has a good water-oil balance; maintenance and preservative care is the goal.
Combination skin
can be oily and dry in different areas, such as the T-zone (the forehead, nose, and chin areas). Water-based products work best.
Oily skin
is characterized by excess sebum and requires more cleansing and exfoliation. Water-based hydrators help maintain balance
Brushing should never be performed on skin that has been treated with
Retin-A® or other drugs that thin or exfoliate the skin.
When performing electrotherapy treatments, the barber and the client must avoid contact with
metals or water.
Never place high-frequency electrodes in an ultraviolet-ray cabinet sanitizer or
autoclave
Tesla high-frequency current should not be used on clients who are pregnant, who suffer from seizures (epilepsy) or asthma, or who have high blood pressure, acne, a sinus blockage, a pacemaker, or
metal implants
When using high-frequency current, never use a skin or scalp lotion that contains __________ prior to the electrical treatment.
alcohol
Overexposure to ultraviolet rays can ________ skin tissue.
destroy
Three sub-dermal systems associated with the performance of facial treatments are
muscles, nerves, and arteries
When performing a facial, barbers need to be aware of the ____________ muscles of the head, face, and neck.
voluntary
The muscle that draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead is the
frontalis
The orbicularis oris forms a flat band around the
mouth
Stimulation of the nerves causes muscles to
expand and contract
Heat and moist heat on the skin cause
relaxation
Muscles react to cold by
contracting
There are _________ pairs of cranial nerves connected to the brain surface.
12
The _________ cranial nerve is the chief sensory nerve of the face and also controls chewing.
fifth
The ________ arteries are the main sources of blood supply to the head, face, and neck.
common carotid
A basic rule in facial massage is that any pressure should be applied in a(n) ____________ direction.
upward
A __________ point is a point on the skin where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle.
motor
Effleurage is a massage movement applied in a
slow and rhythmic manner without pressure
Pétrissage is the massage movement involving
kneading or pinching
Friction in massage requires the use of __________ movements.
deep rubbing
Massage movements should always be directed toward the __________ of muscles.
origin
A(n) ____________ is a tool that can be used to stimulate, cleanse, and lightly exfoliate the skin.
brush machine
Indirect application of high-frequency current is performed with the
client holding a glass electrode
Using galvanic current to force water-soluble solutions into the skin layers is called
iontophoresis
__________ help to rebalance the pH of the skin and remove product residue after cleansing.
Skin tonics
When working with client’s with serious acne, wear gloves and use only __________ movements.
effleurage
When giving a vibratory facial, the number of vibrations should be regulated to avoid
overstimulation
Cleansing cream should be applied with __________ movements.
stroking and rotary